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硫酸或盐酸均不与金发生反应,碱对金也无显著侵蚀作用。
金可以溶解于下列溶液中:王水溶液、硫脲溶液、碱金属氰化物溶液、I2-I-溶液、 Br2-Br 溶液、Cl-CI 溶液、硫代硫酸盐溶液、亚砜基氯化物溶液、石灰硫黄合剂、铁盐存在下的混酸、碱金属氯化物存在下的铬酸以及含有Fe+的盐酸等溶液。其中,王水溶解金的速度最快。作为贵金属,金最重要的特征是化学活性低。在空气中,即使在潮湿的环境下金也不起变化,故古代的金制品可保存到今天。在高温下,金也不与氢、氧、氮、硫和碳反应。金和臭在室温下可起反应,而和氟、氧、碘要在加热下才反应。
金在水溶液中的电极电位很高:
因此,无论在减中还是在硫酸、硝酸、盐酸.氢氟酸以及有机酸中,金都不溶解。
在有强氧化剂存在时,金能溶解于某些无机酸中,如碘酸(HsIO;)、硝酸。有二氧化锰存在时金溶于浓硫酸,金也溶于加热的无水硒酸(H2SeO4) (非常强的氧化剂)中。
金易溶于王水、饱和有氧气的盐酸、含有氧的碱金属和碱土金属的氰化物水溶液中。渣浆泵厂家
含Fe3+的硫脲酸性水溶液也是金的很好溶剂。此外,可溶解金的其他溶剂还有氯水、溴水、溶有KI或HI的碘液等。在所有场合下,金溶解都是形成相应的配合物,而不是以Aut或Au3+这样的简单离子出现。
Sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid did not react with gold, and alkali had no significant effect on gold.
Gold can be dissolved in the following solutions: aqua regia solution, thiourea solution, alkali metal cyanide solution, i2-i-solution, Br2 br solution, CL CI solution, thiosulfate solution, sulfoxide chloride solution, lime sulfur mixture, mixed acid in the presence of iron salt, chromic acid in the presence of alkali metal chloride and hydrochloric acid containing Fe +. Among them, aqua regia dissolves gold the fastest. As a precious metal, the most important characteristic of gold is its low chemical activity. In the air, even in the humid environment, gold does not change, so ancient gold products can be preserved to today. At high temperature, gold does not react with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and carbon. Gold and stink react at room temperature, while fluorine, oxygen and iodine react only when heated.
The electrode potential of gold in aqueous solution is very high
Therefore, gold is insoluble in sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and organic acid.
In the presence of strong oxidants, gold can be dissolved in some inorganic acids, such as iodate (hsio;), nitric acid. In the presence of manganese dioxide, gold is soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid, and also in heated anhydrous selenic acid (H2SeO4) (a very strong oxidant).
Gold is easily soluble in aqua regia, hydrochloric acid saturated with oxygen, cyanide aqueous solution of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal containing oxygen. Slurry pump manufacturer
The thiourea acid solution containing Fe3 + is also a good solvent for gold. In addition, other dissolvable gold solvents include chlorine water, bromine water, iodine solution with KI or Hi, etc. In all cases, the dissolution of gold is to form corresponding complexes instead of simple ions such as aut or Au3 +.
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