泵业铂族金属 有哪些化学性质?
    铂族金属电离电位很高，在常温下对许多化学试剂(如酸、碱和最活发的非金属)有很高的抗腐蚀能力。但在一定条件下， 它们可与酸、碱、氧和卤素反应。铂族金属在热处理过程中被钝化，这是由于在金属表面形成一层稳定的氧化薄膜。以金属细粉(铂黑)形式存在的铂族金属最容易溶解。海绵状和粉末状的铂族金属不易溶解，致密状态的金属更难溶。
    铂族金属有一种特殊的性质:当它们与比较活泼的金属熔融成合金时，就有可能用无机酸溶解。容易与铂族金属形成合金的金属有铅、锡、铋和锌。
(1)铂族金属对酸和其他试剂的作用

铂:抗酸、碱的腐蚀性能良好，致密状的铂不与单独的无机酸起作用，熔融状态的碳酸盐、硫酸盐和卤化物对它略起作用。铂溶于王水，但它的溶解速度与它的状态有关。致密状的铂在王水中溶解缓慢，直径为1mm的铂丝，需4~ 5h才能完全溶解。粉未状的“铂黑”能同沸硫酸作用。铂能被过氧化钠熔融分解。铅扣中的铂不被硝酸分解。
    钯:金属钯可溶解于硝酸中，在同发烟硝酸作用时生成Pd(NO:)2。钯也溶解于浓硫酸酸中，生成褐色硫酸钯溶液。钯在王水作用下，可得到四价钯的化合物一氯钯酸 (HPdCl),将此溶液用盐酸煮沸，还原为H:(PdC4)。

铑:致密的金属铑在酸中儿乎不溶解。  极细粉末状的铑能缓慢溶解在沸硫酸或王水中。当金属佬用胶金属集硫酸盐熔融时，生成可溶于水的硫酸铑。在过氧化钠或氧化剂(如NaNO3)存在的情况下，金属铑用或熔融井且同过氧化钡烧结生成水合氧化铑，将其溶于盐酸转变为铑的氯络合物。粉末状的金属铑和氯化钠混合在氯气流中加热到400也能生成铑的氯络合物NasRhCl,易溶于水及酸中。金属铑与铅或铋的合金，也能溶解于硝酸中。粉末状的铑在300~500C下与过量的锡(100~1000 倍)的熔块可溶于浓盐酸中。
    铱:铱不溶于酸。金属铱用过氧化钠熔融或用过氧化钡烧结以后用盐酸浸取可使其转入溶液。或者用氯化钠混合进行氯化，用水浸取而转入溶液。铱同碱和硝酸钠(或过氧化钠)氧化熔融后转入溶液中，用盐酸浸取生成铱的氯铬合物。铱同铑相反，同焦硫酸钠、铅和铋的熔融物不能转入溶液中。但它同金属锡熔融后生成的合金用盐酸和过氧化氢混合溶液处理而转入溶液。铱同铂形成富铂合金后可溶解在王水中，当合金中铱大于1%时，溶解较慢。
    钌:金属钌不溶解于酸和王水，它不同KHSO4反应。钌在同苛性钠和氧化剂熔融后，可转变为可溶于水的钌酸盐(Me,RuO4)。 熔融剂可以采用下列混合物:碱和硝酸钠或氯化钠;碳酸钾和硝酸钾;过氧化钡和硝酸钡。当钌和过氧化物加热时，生成绿色高钌酸钠(NaRuO)可溶于水。钌浴于碱金属的次级酸盐形成挥发性四氧化钌(RuO4)。 钌同次氯酸钠反应比同次氯酸钾反应激烈。钌同铑、铱类似，能够同氯化钠混合加热氧化而转入溶液中。渣浆泵厂家
    银:致密状态的钱不溶解在酸和王水中，细小粉未状的锇可被沸腾的硫酸氧化生成四氧化银(O0s04).浓硝酸可氧化细小粉末状的金属锇。锇同碱金属氯化物加热氯化时，生成碱金属的氨银酸盐(MeO.ch),它被水蒸气分解生成HOI和0:O.俄同破熔融转变为锇酸盐(MeOsO4)而完全溶于水。以5~6倍的过氧化钠熔融锇可得到同样的结果，当用盐酸浸取时，熔融物可分离和析

出OsO4

What are the chemical properties of platinum group metals in pump industry?

The ionization potential of PGMS is very high, which has high corrosion resistance to many chemical reagents (such as acid, alkali and the most active nonmetal) at room temperature. But under certain conditions, they can react with acid, alkali, oxygen and halogen. Platinum group metals are passivated in the process of heat treatment due to the formation of a stable oxide film on the metal surface. Platinum group metals in the form of fine metal powder (platinum black) are the most soluble. The platinum group metals in the form of sponge and powder are not easy to dissolve, and the metals in the dense state are more difficult to dissolve.

Platinum group metals have a special property: when they melt into alloys with more active metals, they may be dissolved with inorganic acids. Lead, tin, bismuth and zinc are the metals that are easy to form alloys with platinum group metals.

(1) Effects of platinum group metals on acids and other reagents

Platinum: it has good corrosion resistance to acid and alkali. Dense platinum does not work with inorganic acid alone. Molten carbonate, sulfate and halide slightly work on it. Platinum is soluble in aqua regia, but its dissolution rate is related to its state. The dissolution of dense platinum in aqua regia is slow. The diameter of 1 mm platinum wire needs 4 ~ 5 hours to be completely dissolved. The powdered "platinum black" can react with boiling sulfuric acid. Platinum can be melted and decomposed by sodium peroxide. Platinum in lead buckle is not decomposed by nitric acid.

Palladium: metal palladium can be dissolved in nitric acid, and Pd (No:) 2 will be formed when it acts with fuming nitric acid. Palladium is also dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid to form Brown palladium sulfate solution. Under the action of aqua regia, palladium tetrachloride (hpdcl) was obtained. The solution was boiled with hydrochloric acid and reduced to H: (pdc4).

Rhodium: dense metal rhodium is insoluble in acid. Rhodium in the form of very fine powder can be slowly dissolved in boiling sulfuric acid or aqua regia. Rhodium sulfate, soluble in water, is formed when the metal is fused with the metal sulfate. In the presence of sodium peroxide or oxidant (such as NaNO3), rhodium metal is sintered with barium peroxide to form hydrated rhodium oxide, which is dissolved in hydrochloric acid and converted into rhodium chloride complex. The mixture of rhodium and sodium chloride in the form of powder can also form the rhodium chloride complex nasrhcl, which is easily soluble in water and acid. An alloy of rhodium and lead or bismuth that can also be dissolved in nitric acid. The powder rhodium can be dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric acid at 300 ~ 500C with an excess of tin (100 ~ 1000 times).

Iridium: iridium is insoluble in acids. Iridium can be melted with sodium peroxide or sintered with barium peroxide and then leached with hydrochloric acid to make it into solution. Or mix with sodium chloride for chlorination, soak with water and transfer into solution. Iridium is oxidized and fused with alkali and sodium nitrate (or sodium peroxide) and then transferred into solution. Iridium chloride chromium complex is formed by leaching with hydrochloric acid. Iridium, as opposed to rhodium, cannot be transferred into solution by melting with sodium pyrosulfate, lead and bismuth. However, the alloy formed after melting with tin is treated with a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide and transferred into the solution. When iridium is more than 1%, the dissolution rate is slow.

Ruthenium: metallic ruthenium does not dissolve in acids and aqua regia. It does not react with KHSO4. After melting with caustic soda and oxidant, ruthenium can be converted into water-soluble ruthenium salts (me, RuO4). The following mixtures can be used for melting agent: alkali and sodium nitrate or sodium chloride; potassium carbonate and potassium nitrate; barium peroxide and barium nitrate. When ruthenium and peroxides are heated, a green high ruthenium sodium (naruo) is formed which is soluble in water. Ruthenium is bathed in the secondary salts of alkali metals to form volatile ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4). The reaction of ruthenium with sodium hypochlorite is more intense than that with potassium chlorate. Ruthenium, like rhodium and iridium, can be mixed with sodium chloride, heated and oxidized, and transferred into solution. Slurry pump manufacturer

Silver: the dense state of money is insoluble in acid and aqua regia. The fine powder of osmium can be oxidized by boiling sulfuric acid to form silver tetroxide (o0s04). The concentrated nitric acid can oxidize the fine powder of osmium. When osmium is heated and chlorinated with alkali metal chloride, the alkali metal ammoniac silver salt (MEO. CH) is formed. It is decomposed by water vapor to form Hoi and 0: o. The same result can be obtained by melting osmium with 5-6 times of sodium peroxide. When leached with hydrochloric acid, the melt can be separated and separated

Out of OsO4