渣浆泵和压缩机的分类

流体机械是指在流体具有的能量和机械所做的功之间进行转化的机械设备。流体机械分为两大类:一种是利用流体的能量对机械做功，从而提供动力(例如，水轮机利用水能，汽轮机利用蒸汽的能量，带动发电机发电;燃气轮机与喷气发动机利用燃气的能量提供动力)，也称为流体动力机械。另一种是通过流体机械把原动机的能量传给流体，使流体的能量提高，主要包括泵、压缩机等。

泵和压缩机是将原动机所做的功转换成被输送流体压力能和动能的流体机械，其中输送液体介质并提高其能头的机械称为泵:输送气体介质并提高其能头的机械按输出压力的大小又可分为通风机(全压小于11. 375kPRa)、数风机(全压为11.375~241.600kPa)和压缩机(全压大于241.600kPa)。通常所说的流体机械包括泵、压缩机、水轮机和蒸汽轮机等，而不包括从流体所带的化学能中获取机械能的内燃机和由流体膨胀过程中热能转换为机械能的燃气轮机等。本书主要介绍流体机械中的泵和压缩机。

泵和压缩机的用途十分广泛。几乎遍及工业、农业各个生产领域，如矿山、冶金、机械、石油化工、国防、交通和农田灌溉等，所以泵和压缩机又是通用机械。在石油化工生产中,其原料、半成品和成品大多是流体, 因此泵和压缩机在生产中占有更重要的地位。

泵和压缩机种类繁多，按其作用原理可分为两大类如图0-1与图0- 2所示。

容积式是依靠工作容积的周期性变化来实现流体的增压和输送的。其中,活塞式是依靠活塞在气缸内做往复运动而实现工作容积的周期性变化，例如往复式泵和活塞式压缩机;隔膜式属于液压驱动,利用膜片来代替活塞的作用;回转式是借助于转子在缸内作回转运动来实现工作容积的周期性变化，例如滑片泵和滑片压缩机、螺杆泵和螺杆压缩机，以及齿轮泵等。
    叶片式是依靠旋转的工作叶轮将机械能传递给流体介质并转化成流体的能头。根据介质在叶轮内的流动方向，主要分为离心式和轴流式，如离心泵、离心压缩机以及轴流泵和轴流压缩机等均属此类。
    喷射式也可认为属于速度式，但它没有叶轮，依靠种介质的能量来输送另一种流体介质，如射流泵等。
    这些机器各有其特点,适用于不同的生产条件。目前常用泵和压缩机的适用范围可参考
图0-3和图0-4。渣浆泵厂家

就泵来说,由于离心泵具有结构简单、体积小、重量轻、操作平稳、流量稳定、性能参数范围广、易于制造、便于维修等优点,在油气储运工程中得到广泛应用。在压缩机方面，活塞压缩机由于其能耗低、适应性强和灵活性大,目前应用仍最普遍。本书重点讲述离心泵、离心压缩机和活塞压缩机的基本原理，对其他型式泵和压缩机只做简略介绍。

Classification of slurry pumps and compressors

Fluid machinery refers to the mechanical equipment which transforms the energy of fluid and the work done by machinery. Fluid machinery is divided into two categories: one is to use the energy of the fluid to work on the machinery, so as to provide power (for example, water turbine uses the energy of water, steam turbine uses the energy of steam to drive the generator to generate electricity; gas turbine and jet engine use the energy of gas to provide power), also known as fluid power machinery. The other is to transfer the energy of the prime mover to the fluid through the fluid machinery, so as to improve the energy of the fluid, mainly including pumps, compressors, etc.

Pumps and compressors are fluid machines that convert the work done by the prime mover into the pressure energy and kinetic energy of the fluid being transported. The machines that transport the liquid medium and improve its energy head are called pumps. The machines that transport the gas medium and improve its energy head can be divided into fans (total pressure is less than 11.375kpra), fans (total pressure is 11.375-241.600kpa) and compressors (total pressure is more than 241.60) according to the output pressure 0kPa). Generally speaking, fluid machinery includes pumps, compressors, water turbines and steam turbines, etc., excluding the internal combustion engines that obtain mechanical energy from the chemical energy carried by the fluid and the gas turbines that convert heat energy into mechanical energy in the process of fluid expansion. This book mainly introduces pumps and compressors in fluid machinery.

Pumps and compressors are widely used. Almost all over the industrial and agricultural production fields, such as mining, metallurgy, machinery, petrochemical industry, national defense, transportation and farmland irrigation, so pumps and compressors are general machinery. In petrochemical production, the raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products are mostly fluids, so pumps and compressors play a more important role in the production.

There are many kinds of pumps and compressors. According to their working principle, they can be divided into two categories as shown in Figure 0-1 and figure 0-2.

Volume type relies on the periodic change of working volume to realize the pressurization and transportation of fluid. Among them, the piston type relies on the reciprocating motion of the piston in the cylinder to realize the periodic change of the working volume, such as reciprocating pump and piston compressor; the diaphragm type belongs to the hydraulic drive, which uses the diaphragm to replace the role of the piston; the rotary type relies on the rotary motion of the rotor in the cylinder to achieve the periodic change of the working volume, such as the sliding vane pump and the sliding vane compressor, the screw pump and the screw Rod compressor, gear pump, etc.

Vane type is a kind of energy head which transfers mechanical energy to fluid medium and transforms it into fluid by rotating working impeller. According to the flow direction of medium in impeller, it is mainly divided into centrifugal and axial flow, such as centrifugal pump, centrifugal compressor, axial pump and axial compressor.

Jet type can also be considered as velocity type, but it has no impeller, and depends on the energy of one medium to transport another fluid medium, such as jet pump.

These machines have their own characteristics and are suitable for different production conditions. At present, the applicable scope of commonly used pumps and compressors can be referred to

Figure 0-3 and figure 0-4. Slurry pump manufacturer

As far as pumps are concerned, centrifugal pumps are widely used in oil and gas storage and transportation engineering due to their advantages of simple structure, small volume, light weight, stable operation, stable flow, wide range of performance parameters, easy manufacture and maintenance. In the aspect of compressor, piston compressor is still the most popular because of its low energy consumption, strong adaptability and flexibility. This book focuses on the basic principles of centrifugal pumps, centrifugal compressors and piston compressors, and only briefly introduces other types of pumps and compressors.