渣浆泵砂金矿 床的类型及特点是什么?
    砂金矿床是由砂、砾石和其他有用矿物与金及残积物组成的，这种矿床由含金的岩石经风化和机械富集作用而形成。砂金矿床的类型:
    ①按其搬运距离的远近分为残积砂金矿、坡积砂金矿，洪积砂金矿、冲积砂金矿、滨海(湖)岸砂金矿。
    ②按其搬运力的性质分为风成砂金矿、冰成砂金矿、水成砂金矿。

③按其产出的地貌部位和产出条件可分河床(谷)砂金矿、阶地砂金矿、支谷砂金矿、岩溶充填砂金矿。  

砂金矿床的宽度一般为 5-300m或更宽，长度可达数公里甚至数十公里;一般由松软的砂石堆积而成;矿体理藏深度一般1~5m也有的20~ 30m其至更深:含金矿层厚度通常1~5m,个别可达10m;砂金的威岩或基岩多半是花岗岩、页岩、石灰岩。

15 砂金矿的选别特点是什么?

砂金矿的含金量很低，一 般0.2~0. 8g/m3;砂金矿原料粒度组成很宽，脉石最大粒度往往比砂金最小粒度大几千倍，入选前需通过分级作业把不含金的巨砾和砾石分离出来，减少入选矿石的体积;精矿产率很低，一般0.01%~0. 1%;选矿比特别高，可达千倍甚至万倍;重选精矿需经过多次精选过程，才能获得砂金和合格的重矿物精矿;对于黏性很强的砂金矿或永冻层产出的含金冻块，必须加强碎散作用以提高金的回收率。

16砂金选别的主要设备有哪些?

重力选矿是砂金选别的主要方法，常用的重选设备有跳汰机、溜槽、圆筒形及圆盘形离心分选机、螺旋选矿机、圆锥选矿机、短锥旋流器、摇床等。
17铂族矿 物的主要选矿方法有哪些?

提取铂族金属的主要工业矿物有铁铂合金、铱铂矿、砷铂矿及硫铂矿，砂铂矿等。

重选是富集铂族金属矿物的古老方法，也是主要的方法。由于铂族矿物的密度较大，如自然钯11. 84~ 11.97g/cm3，自然铂21. 5g/cm3，自然铱22. 6g/cm3，铱锇矿21. 6g/cm3。使用溜槽、跳汰、摇床及风力选矿都可有效地富集铂族金属。砷铂矿密度10.6g/cm3，重选试验回收率可达96%。自然铂与自然金一样表面

润湿性小，可用黄药类捕收剂浮选。与铜镍硫化矿伴生的铂族矿物一般品位低、粒度细、共生状况复杂， 而随主要金属硫化物一道被富集回收。
18脉铂矿 应如何处理?
    脉铂矿首先通过重选-浮选联合流程的选别，浮选精矿经转炉吹炼成高锍，高锍通过加压浸出并焙烧再浸出，获得铂族金属含量大于45%的精矿，铂族金属富集物送精炼厂精炼。渣浆泵

What are the types and characteristics of slurry pumped gold deposits?

The placer gold deposit is composed of sand, gravel and other useful minerals, gold and eluvium. The deposit is formed by weathering and mechanical enrichment of gold bearing rocks. Types of placer gold deposits:

① according to the distance of transportation, it can be divided into eluvial gold placer, Deluvial gold placer, proluvial gold placer, alluvial gold placer and Binhai (Lake) Bank gold placer.

According to the nature of its carrying capacity, it can be divided into aeolian placer gold, glacial placer gold and hydric placer gold.

③ according to the geomorphic location and occurrence conditions, it can be divided into riverbed (Valley) placer, terrace placer, Zhigu placer and karst filled placer.

The width of the placer gold deposit is generally 5-300m or more, with a length of several kilometers or even tens of kilometers; it is generally formed by the accumulation of soft sandstone; the ore body is generally 1-5m deep, and some 20-30m deep; the thickness of the gold bearing layer is usually 1-5m, and some can reach 10m; the sandstone or bedrock of the placer gold is mostly granite, shale, limestone.

What are the characteristics of gold placer separation?

The gold content of placer gold is very low, generally 0.2-0.8g/m3; the particle size composition of placer gold raw materials is very wide, and the maximum particle size of gangue is often thousands of times larger than the minimum particle size of placer gold. Before being selected, it is necessary to separate the boulders and gravels without gold through grading operation, so as to reduce the volume of the selected ore; the fine mineral rate is very low, generally 0.01% - 0.1%; the ore dressing ratio is particularly high, up to thousands or even thousands of times; the concentrate of gravity separation needs After many times of cleaning, the placer gold and qualified heavy mineral concentrate can be obtained; for the placer gold with strong viscosity or the gold bearing frozen block produced by the permafrost, the fragmentation must be strengthened to improve the recovery rate of gold.

What are the other main equipment for placer gold dressing?

Gravity separation is the main method of placer gold separation. The commonly used gravity separation equipment includes jig, chute, cylindrical and disc centrifugal separator, spiral concentrator, cone concentrator, short cone hydrocyclone, shaker, etc.

What are the main beneficiation methods of PGM?

The main industrial minerals for the extraction of PGMS are ferro platinum alloy, iridium platinum ore, arsenic platinum ore, sulfur platinum ore and placer platinum ore.

Gravity separation is an old and main method to enrich PGMs. Because of the high density of platinum group minerals, such as natural palladium 11.84-11.97g/cm3, natural platinum 21.5g/cm3, natural iridium 22.6g/cm3, iridium osmium 21.6g/cm3.  The use of chutes, jigs, shakers and wind beneficiation can effectively enrich PGMs.  The density of arsenopyrite is 10.6g/cm3, and the recovery of gravity separation test is 96%. Natural platinum has the same surface as natural gold

It has small wettability and can be floated with xanthate collector. Platinum group minerals associated with copper nickel sulfide ores are generally of low grade, fine particle size and complex symbiosis, and are enriched and recovered along with the main metal sulfides.

How to deal with 18 vein platinum ore?

The vein platinum ore is first separated by gravity flotation combined process. The flotation concentrate is blown into high matte by converter. The high matte is leached under pressure and then roasted and leached to obtain concentrate with platinum group metal content more than 45%. The concentrate of platinum group metal is sent to the refinery for refining. Slurry pump