砂金矿选别的工艺流程是什么?

砂金矿的选别原则是先用重选最大限度地从原矿中回收金及其伴生的各种重矿物，继而用重选、浮选、混汞、感选、电选等联合作用，将金和重矿物彼此分离达到综合回收的目的。砂金矿的选别工艺流程通常分为三个作业。
    ①洗矿作业。用水浸泡、冲洗并辅以机城搅动将被胶结的矿砂解离出来，并使砾石、砂和黏土相分离，且洗净砾石上所黏附的黏土和金粒。洗矿作业包括碎散、筛分和脱泥三项工序。
    ②粗选作业。根据工艺流程和所用的主要设备可分为固定溜槽-摇床流程、固定或胶带可动溜槽-跳汰机摇床流程、多段跳汰-摇床流程、离心盘选机-摇床流程等。
    ③精选作业。粗选阶段得出的含金精矿，金品位在100g/t左右，重矿物多在1~2kg/t。目前处理含金粗精矿主要采用以下方法:用淘金盘人工淘出金粒后重砂丢弃;用混汞筒进行内混汞，获得汞膏后重砂抛弃:用人工淘洗或混汞提金后，重砂集中送精选厂处理，用磁电选等方法分别回收各种重砂矿物。
35常见的金银矿浮选工艺流程有哪几种?
    浮选工艺流程的选择通常是根据金银可石的性质以及产品的规格要求来确定的，常见的原则工艺流程有以下几种。

①浮选+浮选精矿 氯化。将含金银石英脉的硫化矿经过评选得到少量精矿，再进行氧化处理。浮选精矿氧化与全泥氰化流程相

比，具有不需要将全部矿石细磨、节省动力消耗、厂房面积小、基建投资省等优点。

②浮选+精矿焙烧+焙砂氰化。该流程常用来处理难溶的金砷矿石、金-锑矿石和硫化物含最特别高的金-黄铁矿等。焙烧的目的是去除对氰化过程有害的砷、锑等元素。
    ③浮选+浮选精矿火法处理。绝大多数含金银多金属硫化矿用此方案处理。浮选这类矿石时，金银进入与其共生密切的铜精矿或铅精矿中，产品称为铜金银精矿或铅金银精矿，然后将其送往冶炼厂回收金银。
    ④浮选+浮选尾矿或中矿氰化+浮选精矿焙烧氰化。此方案用来处理碲化金、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿及其他硫化矿物的石英硫化矿石或含金银黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿矿石，矿石中易浮的碲化金先作为精矿产出，然后为了暴露硫化矿或碲化物中的金银矿，经过焙烧再氰化处理。因浮选后的中矿、尾矿中含有较高金银，也需要氰化处理。
    ⑤原矿氰化+氰化尾矿浮选。当用氰化法不能完全回收矿石中与硫化矿物共生的金银时，于氰化处理后进行浮选，可以提高金银的回收率。国内外与有用浮选法从氰化处理的老尾矿中回收金银的实例。
36易处理金矿石的处理方案有哪些?如何选择?
    易处理金矿石的处理流程由混汞、重选、浮选、氰化联合组成，其处理流程的选择主要依据矿有性质和对产品形态的要求而定。
    用于处理这类矿石的实际生产流程很多，通常来用的有如下几种。

①单一混汞。此流程适于处理含粗粒金的石英质原生矿石和氧化矿石。单一混汞流程的特点是流程结构简单，投资少，生产费用低，收效快，适于小而富的金矿采用。

②混汞-重选联合流程。此流程包括先混汞后重选或先重选后混汞两个方案。 先混汞后重选流程适用于处想简单含金石英球硫化物矿石，先用混汞法回收粗粒游宽金，然后用重选选出含金的重金属硫化物精矿.先重法后混汞流程适用于处理金粒大，但表面被污染或被氧化膜包裹不宜直接混汞的矿石，以及含金量低的砂金矿石。重砂精矿必要时须经磨矿擦洗，待金粒表面洁净时方可混汞。
    ③重选(混汞)-氰化联合流程。这一流程适合于处理含金石英脉氧化矿石。原矿先重选，经重选富集所得精矿进行混汞;或者原矿直接进行混汞，尾矿分级，混砂分别氰化。
    ④单一浮选流程。单一浮选适用于处理金粒较细、可浮性高的硫化物含金石英脉矿石以及含有多种有价金属(如铜、铅、锌)的含金硫化物矿石和含碳(石墨)矿石等。这几种矿石采用单一浮选流程处理，能把金和其他有价金属最大限度富集到精矿中，而且可获得废弃尾矿，生产成本亦很低。
    ⑤混汞-浮选联合流程。采用这一流程的基本前提是原矿中的粗粒金可以通过廉价而快速的混汞法回收，然后混汞尾矿进行浮选。采用这一流程可以比单一浮选流程获得较高的回收率。它除适用上述单一浮选流程所处理的矿石外，含金氧化矿石、伴生有游离金的矿石都适宜采用。
    ⑥直接氰化(全泥氰化)流程。金以细粒或微细粒分散状态产出于石英质脉石矿物中，矿石氧化程度较深，并不含Cu As、Sr、Bi及含碳物质。这样的矿石最适用于采用直接氰化法处理。其优点是氰化物消耗少，浸出率高，生产效率高，过程易于自动控制。缺点是一次基建投资费用高，全部物料需细磨到小于0. 074mm或更细，电能消耗大。
    ⑦浮选-氰化联合流程。对易处理矿石来说，浮选-氰化联合流程适合于处理金与硫化物共生密切的含金石英脉矿石和石英-黄铁矿矿石。这两种矿石经浮选富集后，尾矿可以废弃。精

矿用氰化法处理回收金;氰化尾矿或废弃或作制酸原料。浮选精矿氧化比全泥氰化具有以下优点:不需将全部矿石细磨，节省动力消耗，大型设备(洗涤、搅拌等)少，厂房面积小，基建投资少。

⑧浮选-重选联合流程。此流程以浮选法为主:适用于金与硫化物紧密共生，并只有用冶炼方法才能回收的矿石。由于浮选尾矿中尚有少量难浮的硫化物矿颗粒(多为磁黄铁矿)，需采用摇床、溜槽和旋流器再回收。
37耗氰化剂型复 杂矿石的处理流程是什么?
    当金赋存于银金矿中时，金的浸出速度较慢，因此也就增加了氰化剂用量，而氰化剂过多会造成某些氧化矿物和硫化物矿物之间发生一些副作用，进而导致药耗增加，增加产品的成本，金的回收率有所降低。该类矿石的处理方案如图3.1所示。渣浆泵

What are the other technological processes of gold placer dressing?

The separation principle of placer gold is to use gravity separation to recover gold and its associated heavy minerals from the raw ore to the maximum extent, and then use gravity separation, flotation, mercury mixing, inductive separation, electric separation and other combined actions to separate gold and heavy minerals from each other to achieve the purpose of comprehensive recovery. The technological process of gold placer separation is usually divided into three operations.

① ore washing operation. The cemented ore sand will be separated by soaking, washing with water and agitating with Mecheng, and the gravel, sand and clay will be separated, and the clay and gold particles adhered to the gravel will be cleaned. The ore washing operation includes three processes: crushing, screening and desliming.

② roughing operation. According to the technological process and the main equipment used, it can be divided into fixed chute shaker process, fixed or tape movable chute jig shaker process, multi-stage jig shaker process, centrifugal disc separator shaker process, etc.

③ selected work. The gold content of the concentrate is about 100g / T and the heavy minerals are mostly 1 ~ 2kg / T. At present, the following methods are mainly used for the treatment of gold bearing coarse concentrate: manually panning out gold particles with a gold pan and then discarding the heavy sand; mixing mercury in a mercury mixing cylinder and discarding the heavy sand after obtaining the mercury paste; after manually panning or extracting gold with mixed mercury, the heavy sand is sent to the concentration plant for treatment, and various heavy sand minerals are recovered by magnetic electric separation and other methods.

35 What are the common flotation processes for gold and silver ores?

The selection of flotation process flow is usually determined according to the properties of chrysotile and the specifications of products. The common principle process flow is as follows.

① flotation + flotation concentrate chlorination. The sulfide ore containing gold and silver quartz vein was selected to get a small amount of concentrate, and then oxidized. Flotation concentrate oxidation and all slime cyanidation process phase

It has the advantages of no need to finely grind all ores, saving power consumption, small workshop area and capital investment.

② flotation + concentrate roasting + calcine cyanidation. This process is often used to deal with refractory gold arsenic ore, gold antimony ore and sulfide containing the highest gold pyrite. The purpose of roasting is to remove arsenic, antimony and other elements harmful to the cyaniding process.

③ flotation + flotation concentrate fire treatment. The vast majority of gold and silver containing polymetallic sulphide mines are treated with this scheme. In flotation of such ores, gold and silver enter into the copper concentrate or lead concentrate closely associated with them. The product is called copper gold and silver concentrate or lead gold and silver concentrate, and then it is sent to the smelter for recovery of gold and silver.

④ flotation + flotation tailings or middle ore cyanidation + flotation concentrate roasting cyanidation. This scheme is used to treat quartz sulfide ore or auriferous pyrite and pyrrhotite ore containing gold, silver, copper and other sulfide minerals. The floatable gold telluride in the ore is first produced as concentrate, and then in order to expose the gold and silver ore in sulfide ore or telluride, it is roasted and then cyanidated. Because of the high content of gold and silver in the middle ore and tailings after flotation, cyanide treatment is also needed.

⑤ flotation of raw ore cyanide + cyanide tailings. When the gold and silver coexisting with sulfide minerals cannot be completely recovered by cyanidation, flotation after cyanidation can improve the recovery rate of gold and silver. Examples of gold and silver recovery from cyanide treated old tailings by flotation at home and abroad.

36 what are the treatment schemes for the easily treated gold ores? How to choose?

The treatment process of easy to treat gold ore is composed of mercury mixing, gravity separation, flotation and cyanidation. The selection of the treatment process is mainly based on the nature of the ore and the requirements of the product form.

There are many practical production processes used to deal with this kind of ore, usually the following are used.

① single mercury mixture. This process is suitable for the treatment of quartz primary ore and oxidized ore containing coarse gold. The single mercury mixing process is characterized by simple process structure, less investment, low production cost and quick efficiency, which is suitable for small and rich gold mine.

② combined process of mercury mixing and re concentration. This process includes two schemes: first mixing and then reselection or first reselection and then mixing The process of mixing Mercury first and then gravity separation is applicable to the simple gold bearing quartz ball sulfide ore, first the coarse-grained free gold is recovered by the method of mixing mercury, and then the heavy metal sulfide concentrate containing gold is selected by gravity separation. The process of mixing Mercury first and then gravity separation is applicable to the treatment of the ore with large gold particles, but the surface is polluted or wrapped by the oxidation film, and the placer gold ore with low gold content. If necessary, the concentrate of heavy sand must be grinded and scrubbed, and only when the surface of gold particle is clean can it be mixed with mercury.

③ combined process of gravity separation (mixed mercury) - cyanidation. This process is suitable for the treatment of gold bearing quartz vein oxidized ore. The concentrate from the gravity separation of the raw ore shall be mixed with mercury; or the raw ore shall be mixed with mercury directly, the tailings shall be graded, and the mixed sand shall be cyanidated separately.

④ single flotation process. Single flotation is suitable for the treatment of sulfide quartz vein ore with fine gold particles and high floatability, as well as gold sulfide ore and carbon (graphite) ore with various valuable metals (such as copper, lead and zinc). These ores are treated by a single flotation process, which can concentrate gold and other valuable metals into the concentrate to the maximum extent, and can obtain waste tailings with low production cost.

⑤ combined process of mixing and flotation. The basic premise of using this process is that the coarse gold in the raw ore can be recovered by the cheap and rapid mercury mixing method, and then the mixed mercury tailings can be flotation. This process can obtain higher recovery than single flotation process. In addition to the ore treated by the single flotation process, the gold bearing oxidized ore and the ore associated with free gold are suitable for use.

⑥ direct cyanidation (all slime cyanidation) process. Gold occurs in stone in the form of fine or fine particles