渣浆泵的工作原理与基本构造

在水力学中我们知道，当一个敞口圆筒绕中心轴作等角速旋转时，圆筒内的水面便呈抛物线上升的旋转凹面，如图2-1所示。圆筒半径越大，转得越快时，液体沿圆简壁上升的高度就越大。离心泵就是基于这一- 原理来工作的(图2-1)，所不同的是离心泵的叶轮、泵壳都是经过专门的水力计算和设计来完成的。

图2-2所示为给水排水工程中常用的单级单吸式离心泵的基本构造。泵包括蜗壳形的泵壳1和装于泵轴2上旋转的叶轮3。蜗壳形泵壳的吸水口与泵的吸水管4相连，出水口与泵的压水管5相连接。泵的叶轮一般是由两个圆形盖板所组成，盖板之间有若干片弯曲的叶片，叶片之间的槽道为过水的叶槽，如图2-3所示，叶轮的前盖板上有一个大圆孔，这就是叶轮的进水口，它装在泵壳的吸水口内，与泵吸水管路相连通。S离心泵在启动之前，应先用水灌满泵壳和吸水管道，然后，驱动电机，使叶轮和水作高速旋转运动，此时，水受到离心力作用被甩出叶轮，经蜗形泵壳中的流道而流人泵的压水管道，由压水管道而输人管网中去。在这同时，泵叶轮中心处由于水被甩出而形成真空，吸水池中的水便在大气压力作用下，沿吸水管而源源不断地流人叶轮吸水口，又受到高速转动叶轮的作用，被甩出叶轮而输人压水管道。这样，就形成了离心泵的连续输水。

Working principle and basic structure of slurry pump

In hydraulics, we know that when an open cylinder rotates at constant angular speed around the central axis, the water surface in the cylinder will be a parabola rising rotating concave, as shown in Figure 2-1. The larger the radius of the cylinder and the faster it rotates, the higher the height at which the liquid rises along the circular wall. The centrifugal pump operates based on this principle (Figure 2-1), but the difference is that the impeller and pump casing of the centrifugal pump are completed through specialized hydraulic calculations and design.

Figure 2-2 shows the basic structure of a single stage single suction centrifugal pump commonly used in water supply and drainage engineering. The pump includes a volute shaped pump casing 1 and an impeller 3 rotating on the pump shaft 2. The suction port of the volute shaped pump casing is connected to the suction pipe 4 of the pump, and the outlet is connected to the pressure pipe 5 of the pump. The impeller of a pump is generally composed of two circular cover plates, with several curved blades between the cover plates. The grooves between the blades are grooves for passing water, as shown in Figure 2-3. There is a large circular hole on the front cover plate of the impeller, which is the water inlet of the impeller. It is installed in the water inlet of the pump casing and connected to the pump suction pipeline. Before starting the S centrifugal pump, the pump casing and suction pipeline should be filled with water first. Then, the motor is driven to make the impeller and water rotate at high speed. At this time, the water is thrown out of the impeller by centrifugal force, and flows through the flow channel in the volute pump casing into the pump's pressurized water pipeline, which is then transported into the pipeline network. At the same time, a vacuum is formed at the center of the pump impeller due to the water being thrown out. The water in the suction pool flows continuously along the suction pipe under atmospheric pressure into the impeller suction port, and is then thrown out of the impeller by high-speed rotation of the impeller and transported to the water pressure pipeline. In this way, a continuous delivery of water by a centrifugal pump is formed.