渣浆泵产品发展趋势与概况设计

(1) 概述
  渣浆泵广泛地应用于冶金、矿山、煤炭、电力、石油化工、食品、城建、环保和河道港口疏浚、填海造田等国民经济各个部门。
  固体物料的管道水力输送技术历史较久，而长距高管道输送技术于20世纪50年代迅速发展起来。由于这种输送方式具有效率高、占地少、成本低、无污染等优点而越来越被人们所重视。美国、巴西、日本、前苏联、南非、加拿大等国家相继建成了多条固体物料水力输送管道。据文献[92]介绍，从20世纪50年代到80年代初投入运行的浆体输送管道已有28条，最长达440km,美国黑梅萨输煤管线。据报道，美国计划于1979年投产的怀俄明一阿肯色输煤管道长达1670km,年输煤量2500万t。另有报道，美国ETST能源系统公司输煤管线长达2500km,年输煤量为370万t,原计划于1985年完成。1980年，苏联对库兹巴斯输煤管线进行可行性分析，管线长2500km,年输煤量2500万t。

浆体输送浓度，从20世纪50年代的Cw =40%~60%发展到80年代初的C.=60% ~70%。
  由于普道输送技术的发展，对于固体物料管道水力输送必不可少的关键设备一各类固液泵的需求则日益增加。
  据不完全统计，目前国外专门从事固液泵生产的公司就有300多家。其中许多厂家如澳大利亚沃曼(Warman) 国际设备公司，美国古尔兹(Goulds) 泵公司、沃辛顿(Worthngton)泵公司，荷兰石尔苏斯(Holthus) 公司，德国威斯(Wirth) 公司和KSB公司等厂家生产的各类固液泵产品设计先进，结构合理，效率高，寿命长，广泛地应用于各种物料的输送工程中，在世界上享有较高的信誉。
  目前，各工业等部门主要应用四大类固液泵产品——离心泵、往复泵、隔膜泵和渣浆泵。在这四大类固液泵产品中，离心泵占绝大多数(约占泵总用量的80%左右)。离心泵总投资费用和制造成本低，拆装方便，且有向长距离管道应用的趋势。近年来，往复泵如柱塞泥浆泵、玛尔斯泵、活塞隔膜泵、油或水隔离泥浆泵等得到了发展，引起人们的关注，该类型泵的总投资费用相当于离心泵的2~5倍，但维护运行费用低廉，适用于长距离管道输送高浓度磨蚀性浆体如精矿和尾矿等。

  随着国民经济的发展，对固液泵的需求日益增加，对品种规格性能范围的要求亦日益广泛。同时，在渣浆泵理论研究、产品开发、生产制造和产品质量水平等方面都有了长足的进步和较大的发展。就离心式渣浆泵产品本身而言，正向着高扬程、大流量、高效率、长寿命、品种多、性能广、三化程度高和合理使用方面发展。

Development Trend and General Design of Slurry Pump Products

(1) Overview

Slurry pump is widely used in metallurgy, mining, coal, power, petrochemical industry, food, urban construction, environmental protection, River port dredging, reclamation and other sectors of the national economy.

Pipeline hydraulic transportation technology of solid materials has a long history, and long-distance high-level pipeline transportation technology developed rapidly in the 1950s. Because of the advantages of high efficiency, less land occupation, low cost and no pollution, this kind of transportation method has been paid more and more attention. The United States, Brazil, Japan, the former Soviet Union, South Africa, Canada and other countries have built a number of solid material hydraulic transmission pipelines. According to document [92], 28 slurry pipelines, up to 440 km, have been put into operation from 1950s to early 1980s. Black Mesa coal pipeline, USA. It is reported that the Wyoming-Arkansas coal pipeline, which is scheduled to be put into operation in 1979 in the United States, has a length of 1670 km and an annual coal transportation capacity of 25 million tons. It is also reported that ETST Energy Systems Company of the United States has a coal pipeline of 2,500 km with an annual coal transportation capacity of 3.7 million tons, which was originally planned to be completed in 1985. In 1980, the Soviet Union carried out a feasibility analysis of the Kuzbas coal pipeline with a length of 2500 km and an annual coal transportation volume of 25 million tons.

The concentration of slurry transportation increased from 40%~60% Cw in 1950s to 60%~70% in early 1980s.

With the development of general conveying technology, the demand for all kinds of solid-liquid pumps, which are the essential key equipment for the hydraulic conveying of solid materials in pipelines, is increasing day by day.

According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 300 foreign companies specializing in the production of solid-liquid pumps. Many of them, such as Warman International Equipment Company of Australia, Goulds Pump Company of the United States, Worthngton Pump Company of the United States, Holthus Company of the Netherlands, Wirth Company of Germany and KSB Company, have advanced solid-liquid pump products with reasonable structure, high efficiency and long life. Long life, widely used in all kinds of materials transportation projects, enjoy a high reputation in the world.

At present, four kinds of solid-liquid pump products are mainly used in various industries, such as centrifugal pumps, reciprocating pumps, diaphragm pumps and screw rods.

Pump. In these four types of solid-liquid pump products, centrifugal pumps account for the vast majority (about 80% of the total pump consumption). Centrifugal pumps have the advantages of low total investment cost and manufacturing cost, convenient disassembly and assembly, and tend to be used in long distance pipelines. Reciprocating pumps, such as plunger mud pumps, Mars pumps, piston diaphragm pumps, oil or water isolation mud pumps, have been developed in recent years, which have attracted people's attention. The total investment cost of this type of pumps is 2-5 times that of centrifugal pumps, but the maintenance and operation cost is low. It is suitable for long-distance pipeline transportation of high-concentration abrasive slurry such as concentrate. And tailings, etc.

With the development of national economy, the demand for solid-liquid pumps is increasing day by day, and the requirement for variety specifications and performance range is also increasingly widespread. At the same time, great progress has been made in theoretical research, product development, manufacturing and product quality level of slurry pump. As far as the products of centrifugal slurry pump are concerned, they are developing towards high lift, large flow rate, high efficiency, long service life, many varieties, wide performance, high degree of trimerization and rational use.